The short answer
The most common lymphoma symptom is a painless swollen lymph node. Fever, drenching night sweats, and unexplained weight loss are called B symptoms. Sudden swelling of the face and arms, or breathing trouble, need emergency care.
The most common first sign of lymphoma is one or more swollen, usually painless, lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin.
Fever, drenching night sweats, and unexplained weight loss of more than 10% of body weight are called B symptoms and are noted specifically because they affect staging and treatment.
Symptoms vary by lymphoma type. Some, like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, tend to grow and cause symptoms over weeks. Others, like follicular lymphoma, are often found before symptoms appear at all.
Swelling of the face, neck, or arms with shortness of breath is called superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome and is a 911 emergency.
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The simple version
This page is for anyone who has noticed possible signs of lymphoma, or who is living with it. Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in cells of the lymph system. Its most common first sign is a swollen lymph node. That node is usually painless, and often in the neck, underarm, or groin. Beyond that, symptoms depend heavily on which lymphoma type is involved and where it is growing.
A painless swollen lymph node is the single most common first sign of lymphoma, but most swollen lymph nodes are not lymphoma.
Common symptoms
- Enlarged lymph nodes, sometimes felt as lumps under the skin.
- Fatigue.
- Fever and chills.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- A swollen or full-feeling abdomen, or feeling full after eating only a little. This comes from an enlarged spleen.
- Chest pain, cough, or shortness of breath, if lymph nodes in the chest are involved.
- Frequent or severe infections.
- Easy bruising or bleeding.
- Itchy skin.
B symptoms
Doctors specifically ask about three symptoms, called B symptoms. They are used in staging and treatment planning.
- Fever that comes and goes, with no infection to explain it.
- Drenching night sweats.
- Unintentional weight loss of more than 10% of body weight over six months.
B symptoms do not automatically mean advanced disease. Your care team will still note them carefully.
Get help right now if…
Call 911 or go to an emergency department for any of these.
- Swelling of the face, neck, or arms along with shortness of breath or trouble breathing. This can be superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, caused by a chest mass pressing on a major vein. Go to an emergency department now.
- A fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher during treatment, especially if you have been told your white blood cell count is low. The CDC calls fever during chemotherapy a medical emergency. Phone the oncology line immediately, and go to the emergency department if nobody picks up. See Neutropenic Fever During Cancer Treatment.
- New severe headache, confusion, weakness on one side of the body, personality changes, or seizures. Lymphoma can occasionally affect the brain or spinal cord. Call 911.
- Sudden, severe abdominal or back pain, especially with feeling faint, a racing pulse, or pale clammy skin. This needs emergency care. It is an ambulance call, not a clinic call.
These are not "monitor it for a few weeks" symptoms, and none of them is a same-day appointment. If you reach your care team's emergency line first, tell them you have lymphoma and describe the sign exactly.
Symptoms differ by type
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is fast-growing and usually causes symptoms. Often that is a rapidly enlarging lymph node, building over weeks. See DLBCL symptoms.
- Follicular lymphoma is slow-growing. It is often found before it causes any symptoms, sometimes by chance. See Follicular lymphoma symptoms.
- Hodgkin lymphoma commonly causes B symptoms and itching. NCI notes the itching can be worse after bathing or drinking alcohol. See Hodgkin lymphoma symptoms.
When there are few or no symptoms
Some lymphomas may not need treatment right away, even after diagnosis. That is most true of indolent, or slow-growing, types. This is called watch and wait. It is an active, monitored form of care, not a delay. See Blood Cancer and the Watch and Wait Approach.
Questions to ask
- Which symptoms are you tracking closely, and why?
- Do I have B symptoms, and how does that affect my plan?
- Which new symptoms should prompt a same-day call?
- Could this be affecting an organ outside the lymph nodes?
Sources
Common questions
Is a swollen lymph node always a sign of lymphoma?
No. Swollen lymph nodes are usually caused by an infection and often go down on their own. Lymphoma is a much less common cause. See a doctor if a swollen node lasts more than a few weeks, keeps growing, feels hard or fixed in place, or comes with fever, night sweats, or weight loss you can't explain.
What are B symptoms, and why do they have a special name?
B symptoms are unexplained fever, drenching night sweats, and unintentional weight loss of more than 10% of body weight over six months. They are called out specifically because doctors use them, alongside imaging, when staging lymphoma and planning treatment. Having B symptoms does not by itself say how serious the lymphoma is.
Why does lymphoma sometimes cause itching?
Itchy skin, sometimes without a visible rash, is a recognized symptom in some lymphomas, including Hodgkin lymphoma. The exact cause is not fully understood. Itching also has many common non-cancer causes, so it needs to be evaluated in context with other findings.
Can lymphoma cause no symptoms at all?
Yes, particularly slow-growing (indolent) types such as follicular lymphoma, which are sometimes found on an imaging test or biopsy done for another reason. Fast-growing (aggressive) types such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma more often cause symptoms that build over weeks.
Is itching after drinking alcohol a lymphoma symptom?
NCI lists itchy skin, especially after bathing or drinking alcohol, as a possible sign of Hodgkin lymphoma. Itching has many common non-cancer causes. Mention it to a doctor if it happens alongside other symptoms.
Questions to ask your doctor
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Last updated: 2026-09-29Next planned review: 2027-02-03
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Cancer Explained does not originate medical claims. Every page restates guidance already published by the National Cancer Institute, the CDC, the USPSTF and the FDA, in plain language, with the source cited so you can check the original yourself. AI does the translating and organizing; automated checks test claims, citations, clarity and safety before anything publishes, and this is translation and navigation, not clinical judgment. Nothing here is personal medical advice, and no page can account for your particular situation.
Editorial status: Source checked — This page was written with AI assistance and then compared with the sources listed on it, looking for statements those sources do not back up. That check is not a sentence-by-sentence record and can miss errors. It is not a medical review, and it does not confirm the page is complete or right for your situation.
Human medical review: not completed. Pages here are not signed off by a clinician before they publish. That is not an oversight we are quietly working around: we restate published guidance and cite it, so the authority belongs to the source rather than to us, and every page names where its claims come from — you can verify us instead of trusting us. Where a volunteer clinician has reviewed a page, their name and credentials appear on it; where no name appears, no clinician has checked it. We are glad to have reviewers and are recruiting them, and we do not hold pages back waiting for one. Use this site to understand your situation and to ask better questions of the people treating you.
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- DLBCL Symptoms: Signs of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
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- Hodgkin Lymphoma Symptoms: Common Signs and When to Get Help
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