Our sources & how we verify

Everything on Cancer Explained is built from trusted, publicly available sources — above all the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the U.S. government’s principal agency for cancer research. This page accounts for every kind of content on the site and the sources behind it.

3,059

Articles

462

Q&A pages

421

Glossary terms

Clinical summaries

488

Spanish articles

3,153

Distinct sources cited

Where each part of the site comes from

Part of the site	Source
Explanations & articles	Mostly the National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov), plus MedlinePlus, the FDA, the CDC, the American Cancer Society and others. Each article links its main source; some link only to the publisher's section page rather than the exact document (see our provenance page).
Glossary definitions	NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms and the NCI pages the terms appear on.
Knowledge checks & flashcards	Written from our articles — each knowledge check is based on the article it belongs to and that article's sources.
SOAP-style cancer summaries	The NCI cancer-type page for that cancer, linked in each summary.
Spanish articles (/es/temas)	Official Spanish sources such as cancer.gov/espanol when available; expanded Spanish explainers are source-linked adaptations of the English guides and are clearly connected to their original source pages.
Other language hubs	MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine) for verified health information in many languages.
News & culture posts	Federal health sources such as NCI and FDA for medical facts; reputable news outlets (e.g. Associated Press) only for what they reported — cited on each post.
Resources & helpline info	NCI Cancer Information Service, ClinicalTrials.gov, MedlinePlus, and Smokefree.gov.
Worldwide statistics	WHO, IARC Global Cancer Observatory, and NCI economic-burden resources — linked on each statistics page.
Insurance, pets, prayer, and translation pages	NCI, CDC, FDA, CMS, NAIC, HealthCare.gov, AAHA, Cochrane, and MedlinePlus, depending on the topic — each page lists its sources.
Ask Cancer Explained	Shows passages from our own indexed, NCI-based pages word for word, and links the source for each one. No AI writes the answer.

Every source we cite

Across the whole site we cite 3,153 distinct pages, referenced 8,274 times. Here is the full breakdown by publisher:

National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov)
cancer.gov
830 pages5291 citations
fda.gov
fda.gov
152 pages255 citations
seer.cancer.gov
seer.cancer.gov
33 pages169 citations
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
152 pages159 citations
MedlinePlus — U.S. National Library of Medicine
medlineplus.gov
114 pages151 citations
cancer.org
cancer.org
91 pages133 citations
Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (cancer.gov/espanol)
cancer.gov/espanol
72 pages115 citations
accessdata.fda.gov
accessdata.fda.gov
104 pages109 citations
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
96 pages101 citations
instagram.com
instagram.com
72 pages82 citations
eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
72 pages74 citations
ClinicalTrials.gov — U.S. National Library of Medicine
clinicaltrials.gov
68 pages71 citations
cdc.gov
cdc.gov
53 pages70 citations
dailymed.nlm.nih.gov
dailymed.nlm.nih.gov
53 pages60 citations
uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org
uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org
14 pages57 citations
npr.org
npr.org
44 pages44 citations
theguardian.com
theguardian.com
39 pages39 citations
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
25 pages30 citations
healthcare.gov
healthcare.gov
21 pages29 citations
nbcnews.com
nbcnews.com
29 pages29 citations
epa.gov
epa.gov
24 pages28 citations
medicare.gov
medicare.gov
15 pages25 citations
api.fda.gov
api.fda.gov
24 pages25 citations
today.com
today.com
24 pages24 citations
upi.com
upi.com
24 pages24 citations
cms.gov
cms.gov
19 pages23 citations
usccb.org
usccb.org
3 pages23 citations
bbc.com
bbc.com
22 pages22 citations
who.int
who.int
12 pages20 citations
iarc.who.int
iarc.who.int
16 pages20 citations
nccih.nih.gov
nccih.nih.gov
12 pages19 citations
variety.com
variety.com
19 pages19 citations
cnn.com
cnn.com
19 pages19 citations
vatican.va
vatican.va
6 pages17 citations
nhs.uk
nhs.uk
13 pages17 citations
govinfo.gov
govinfo.gov
16 pages17 citations
monographs.iarc.who.int
monographs.iarc.who.int
5 pages16 citations
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
15 pages16 citations
dol.gov
dol.gov
9 pages16 citations
ntp.niehs.nih.gov
ntp.niehs.nih.gov
14 pages15 citations
cbsnews.com
cbsnews.com
15 pages15 citations
bbc.co.uk
bbc.co.uk
15 pages15 citations
abcnews.go.com
abcnews.go.com
14 pages14 citations
ssa.gov
ssa.gov
11 pages13 citations
pbs.org
pbs.org
13 pages13 citations
acr.org
acr.org
6 pages12 citations
eeoc.gov
eeoc.gov
1 page12 citations
prevention.cancer.gov
prevention.cancer.gov
7 pages12 citations
radiologyinfo.org
radiologyinfo.org
6 pages12 citations
nia.nih.gov
nia.nih.gov
8 pages10 citations
prescancerpanel.cancer.gov
prescancerpanel.cancer.gov
1 page9 citations
hhs.gov
hhs.gov
5 pages9 citations
abcnews.com
abcnews.com
9 pages9 citations
oehha.ca.gov
oehha.ca.gov
6 pages8 citations
pressroom.cancer.org
pressroom.cancer.org
7 pages8 citations
merck.com
merck.com
4 pages8 citations
healthcaredelivery.cancer.gov
healthcaredelivery.cancer.gov
3 pages7 citations
medicaid.gov
medicaid.gov
3 pages6 citations
ecfr.gov
ecfr.gov
6 pages6 citations
pancan.org
pancan.org
6 pages6 citations
foxnews.com
foxnews.com
6 pages6 citations
Associated Press
apnews.com
6 pages6 citations
rollingstone.com
rollingstone.com
6 pages6 citations
nobelprize.org
nobelprize.org
6 pages6 citations
niddk.nih.gov
niddk.nih.gov
5 pages5 citations
dceg.cancer.gov
dceg.cancer.gov
4 pages5 citations
nih.gov
nih.gov
4 pages5 citations
healthit.gov
healthit.gov
3 pages5 citations
genome.gov
genome.gov
4 pages5 citations
ascopost.com
ascopost.com
5 pages5 citations
jamanetwork.com
jamanetwork.com
5 pages5 citations
law.cornell.edu
law.cornell.edu
5 pages5 citations
mayoclinic.org
mayoclinic.org
5 pages5 citations
goodmorningamerica.com
goodmorningamerica.com
5 pages5 citations
nejm.org
nejm.org
5 pages5 citations
publications.iarc.who.int
publications.iarc.who.int
4 pages4 citations
ganjoho.jp
ganjoho.jp
1 page4 citations
ada.gov
ada.gov
3 pages4 citations
ods.od.nih.gov
ods.od.nih.gov
4 pages4 citations
gco.iarc.who.int
gco.iarc.who.int
1 page4 citations
odphp.health.gov
odphp.health.gov
2 pages4 citations
marvel.com
marvel.com
3 pages4 citations
va.gov
va.gov
3 pages4 citations
doi.org
doi.org
4 pages4 citations
sciencedaily.com
sciencedaily.com
4 pages4 citations
abc.com
abc.com
2 pages4 citations
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
4 pages4 citations
nps.gov
nps.gov
4 pages4 citations
cbc.ca
cbc.ca
4 pages4 citations
sabr.org
sabr.org
4 pages4 citations
aljazeera.com
aljazeera.com
4 pages4 citations
aacr.org
aacr.org
3 pages3 citations
asco.org
asco.org
3 pages3 citations
colorectalcancer.org
colorectalcancer.org
3 pages3 citations
lourdes-france.org
lourdes-france.org
1 page3 citations
niehs.nih.gov
niehs.nih.gov
3 pages3 citations
childrensoncologygroup.org
childrensoncologygroup.org
3 pages3 citations
wcrf.org
wcrf.org
1 page3 citations
triagecancer.org
triagecancer.org
3 pages3 citations
curetoday.com
curetoday.com
3 pages3 citations
recist.eortc.org
recist.eortc.org
1 page3 citations
cuidadodesalud.gov
cuidadodesalud.gov
2 pages3 citations
aad.org
aad.org
3 pages3 citations
frontiersin.org
frontiersin.org
3 pages3 citations
warnerbros.com
warnerbros.com
3 pages3 citations
deadline.com
deadline.com
3 pages3 citations
nbc.com
nbc.com
3 pages3 citations
youtube.com
youtube.com
3 pages3 citations
detroitnews.com
detroitnews.com
3 pages3 citations
hollywoodreporter.com
hollywoodreporter.com
3 pages3 citations
aarp.org
aarp.org
3 pages3 citations
mskcc.org
mskcc.org
3 pages3 citations
washingtonpost.com
washingtonpost.com
3 pages3 citations
ahrq.gov
ahrq.gov
2 pages2 citations
nida.nih.gov
nida.nih.gov
1 page2 citations
osha.gov
osha.gov
2 pages2 citations
bloodcancerunited.org
bloodcancerunited.org
2 pages2 citations
womenshealth.gov
womenshealth.gov
2 pages2 citations
acl.gov
acl.gov
2 pages2 citations
askjan.org
askjan.org
1 page2 citations
irs.gov
irs.gov
2 pages2 citations
ed.gov
ed.gov
2 pages2 citations
atsdr.cdc.gov
atsdr.cdc.gov
2 pages2 citations
cancer.org.au
cancer.org.au
2 pages2 citations
fredhutch.org
fredhutch.org
2 pages2 citations
roswellpark.org
roswellpark.org
1 page2 citations
cancercontrol.cancer.gov
cancercontrol.cancer.gov
2 pages2 citations
hrsa.gov
hrsa.gov
2 pages2 citations
livestrong.org
livestrong.org
2 pages2 citations
ostomy.org
ostomy.org
2 pages2 citations
p65warnings.ca.gov
p65warnings.ca.gov
2 pages2 citations
dctd.cancer.gov
dctd.cancer.gov
2 pages2 citations
nidcr.nih.gov
nidcr.nih.gov
2 pages2 citations
standuptocancer.org
standuptocancer.org
2 pages2 citations
komen.org
komen.org
2 pages2 citations
v.org
v.org
2 pages2 citations
bcan.org
bcan.org
2 pages2 citations
kidneycancer.org
kidneycancer.org
2 pages2 citations
pcf.org
pcf.org
2 pages2 citations
es.medicare.gov
es.medicare.gov
2 pages2 citations
targetedonc.com
targetedonc.com
2 pages2 citations
healio.com
healio.com
2 pages2 citations
ebi.ac.uk
ebi.ac.uk
2 pages2 citations
cordis.europa.eu
cordis.europa.eu
2 pages2 citations
federalregister.gov
federalregister.gov
2 pages2 citations
grail.com
grail.com
2 pages2 citations
sec.gov
sec.gov
2 pages2 citations
inchem.org
inchem.org
2 pages2 citations
news.bloomberglaw.com
news.bloomberglaw.com
2 pages2 citations
oag.ca.gov
oag.ca.gov
2 pages2 citations
eurekalert.org
eurekalert.org
2 pages2 citations
timeout.com
timeout.com
2 pages2 citations
x.com
x.com
2 pages2 citations
bmj.com
bmj.com
2 pages2 citations
a24films.com
a24films.com
2 pages2 citations
netflix.com
netflix.com
2 pages2 citations
espn.com
espn.com
2 pages2 citations
theconversation.com
theconversation.com
1 page2 citations
the-scientist.com
the-scientist.com
1 page2 citations
medicaldaily.com
medicaldaily.com
1 page2 citations
bostonglobe.com
bostonglobe.com
2 pages2 citations
ibtimes.co.uk
ibtimes.co.uk
1 page2 citations
nationalcancerplan.cancer.gov
nationalcancerplan.cancer.gov
1 page2 citations
nfl.com
nfl.com
2 pages2 citations
profiles.nlm.nih.gov
profiles.nlm.nih.gov
2 pages2 citations
reginfo.gov
reginfo.gov
2 pages2 citations
health.ec.europa.eu
health.ec.europa.eu
2 pages2 citations
ascopubs.org
ascopubs.org
2 pages2 citations
osp.od.nih.gov
osp.od.nih.gov
2 pages2 citations
dncr.nc.gov
dncr.nc.gov
2 pages2 citations
fullfact.org
fullfact.org
1 page2 citations
deseret.com
deseret.com
2 pages2 citations
hepb.org
hepb.org
2 pages2 citations
wusf.org
wusf.org
1 page2 citations
nba.com
nba.com
2 pages2 citations
statnews.com
statnews.com
2 pages2 citations
assets.espn.com
assets.espn.com
2 pages2 citations
britannica.com
britannica.com
2 pages2 citations
scientificamerican.com
scientificamerican.com
2 pages2 citations
NCI Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool
bcrisktool.cancer.gov
2 pages2 citations
billboard.com
billboard.com
2 pages2 citations
cancerschmancer.org
cancerschmancer.org
2 pages2 citations
sirbobbyrobsonfoundation.org.uk
sirbobbyrobsonfoundation.org.uk
2 pages2 citations
health.gov
health.gov
1 page1 citations
samhsa.gov
samhsa.gov
1 page1 citations
acco.org
acco.org
1 page1 citations
arpa-h.gov
arpa-h.gov
1 page1 citations
astro.org
astro.org
1 page1 citations
sites.ed.gov
sites.ed.gov
1 page1 citations
journals.sagepub.com
journals.sagepub.com
1 page1 citations
publiccounsel.org
publiccounsel.org
1 page1 citations
cancerresearch.org
cancerresearch.org
1 page1 citations
cancercare.org
cancercare.org
1 page1 citations
midus.wisc.edu
midus.wisc.edu
1 page1 citations
rsa.ed.gov
rsa.ed.gov
1 page1 citations
facs.org
facs.org
1 page1 citations
oig.hhs.gov
oig.hhs.gov
1 page1 citations
uniformlaws.org
uniformlaws.org
1 page1 citations
cancerresearchuk.org
cancerresearchuk.org
1 page1 citations
theovon.com
theovon.com
1 page1 citations
nichd.nih.gov
nichd.nih.gov
1 page1 citations
go2.org
go2.org
1 page1 citations
hcvguidelines.org
hcvguidelines.org
1 page1 citations
usa.gov
usa.gov
1 page1 citations
ccr.cancer.gov
ccr.cancer.gov
1 page1 citations
familyreach.org
familyreach.org
1 page1 citations
aircarealliance.org
aircarealliance.org
1 page1 citations
abms.org
abms.org
1 page1 citations
fsis.usda.gov
fsis.usda.gov
1 page1 citations
imermanangels.org
imermanangels.org
1 page1 citations
ihs.gov
ihs.gov
1 page1 citations
publications.iarc.fr
publications.iarc.fr
1 page1 citations
iifa-aifi.org
iifa-aifi.org
1 page1 citations
rabbis.org
rabbis.org
1 page1 citations
vanityfair.com
vanityfair.com
1 page1 citations
kesem.org
kesem.org
1 page1 citations
acf.hhs.gov
acf.hhs.gov
1 page1 citations
magazine.medlineplus.gov
magazine.medlineplus.gov
1 page1 citations
lookgoodfeelbetter.org
lookgoodfeelbetter.org
1 page1 citations
psnet.ahrq.gov
psnet.ahrq.gov
1 page1 citations
library.samhsa.gov
library.samhsa.gov
1 page1 citations
nationalbreastcancer.org
nationalbreastcancer.org
1 page1 citations
nccn.org
nccn.org
1 page1 citations
needymeds.org
needymeds.org
1 page1 citations
patientadvocate.org
patientadvocate.org
1 page1 citations
preventcancer.org
preventcancer.org
1 page1 citations
echa.europa.eu
echa.europa.eu
1 page1 citations
altamontenterprise.com
altamontenterprise.com
1 page1 citations
ronaldmcdonaldhouse.org
ronaldmcdonaldhouse.org
1 page1 citations
cochrane.org
cochrane.org
1 page1 citations
caregiver.org
caregiver.org
1 page1 citations
alexslemonade.org
alexslemonade.org
1 page1 citations
docs.github.com
docs.github.com
1 page1 citations
cdmrp.health.mil
cdmrp.health.mil
1 page1 citations
osha.europa.eu
osha.europa.eu
1 page1 citations
grants.nih.gov
grants.nih.gov
1 page1 citations
hospicefoundation.org
hospicefoundation.org
1 page1 citations
cancer.va.gov
cancer.va.gov
1 page1 citations
stbaldricks.org
stbaldricks.org
1 page1 citations
nibib.nih.gov
nibib.nih.gov
1 page1 citations
evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov
evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov
1 page1 citations
thyroid.org
thyroid.org
1 page1 citations
training.seer.cancer.gov
training.seer.cancer.gov
1 page1 citations
pubs.rsna.org
pubs.rsna.org
1 page1 citations
european-union.europa.eu
european-union.europa.eu
1 page1 citations
lbbc.org
lbbc.org
1 page1 citations
bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov
bloodstemcell.hrsa.gov
1 page1 citations
aicr.org
aicr.org
1 page1 citations
cancersupportcommunity.org
cancersupportcommunity.org
1 page1 citations
lymphoma.org
lymphoma.org
1 page1 citations
curemelanoma.org
curemelanoma.org
1 page1 citations
themmrf.org
themmrf.org
1 page1 citations
ocrahope.org
ocrahope.org
1 page1 citations
cancercenters.cancer.gov
cancercenters.cancer.gov
1 page1 citations
nhlbi.nih.gov
nhlbi.nih.gov
1 page1 citations
allianceforcareathome.org
allianceforcareathome.org
1 page1 citations
ons.org
ons.org
1 page1 citations
bodywell.com
bodywell.com
1 page1 citations
dana-farber.org
dana-farber.org
1 page1 citations
oncology-central.com
oncology-central.com
1 page1 citations
hppr.org
hppr.org
1 page1 citations
news-medical.net
news-medical.net
1 page1 citations
ecancer.org
ecancer.org
1 page1 citations
research.unipd.it
research.unipd.it
1 page1 citations
recovercovid.org
recovercovid.org
1 page1 citations
home.nms.ac.jp
home.nms.ac.jp
1 page1 citations
themahareport.com
themahareport.com
1 page1 citations
england.nhs.uk
england.nhs.uk
1 page1 citations
mdanderson.org
mdanderson.org
1 page1 citations
foxbusiness.com
foxbusiness.com
1 page1 citations
curia.europa.eu
curia.europa.eu
1 page1 citations
dairy.osu.edu
dairy.osu.edu
1 page1 citations
allsci.com
allsci.com
1 page1 citations
medtechdive.com
medtechdive.com
1 page1 citations
kelleydrye.com
kelleydrye.com
1 page1 citations
cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov
cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov
1 page1 citations
truthinadvertising.org
truthinadvertising.org
1 page1 citations
abc7news.com
abc7news.com
1 page1 citations
personalcaremagazine.com
personalcaremagazine.com
1 page1 citations
tushnet.com
tushnet.com
1 page1 citations
insurancejournal.com
insurancejournal.com
1 page1 citations
dec.ny.gov
dec.ny.gov
1 page1 citations
dawn-dish.com
dawn-dish.com
1 page1 citations
uclahealth.org
uclahealth.org
1 page1 citations
factcheckhub.com
factcheckhub.com
1 page1 citations
health.osu.edu
health.osu.edu
1 page1 citations
nature.com
nature.com
1 page1 citations
medicine.washu.edu
medicine.washu.edu
1 page1 citations
cleanlabelproject.org
cleanlabelproject.org
1 page1 citations
consumerreports.org
consumerreports.org
1 page1 citations
tdefender.substack.com
tdefender.substack.com
1 page1 citations
citizenportal.ai
citizenportal.ai
1 page1 citations
isom.ca
isom.ca
1 page1 citations
cpsa.ca
cpsa.ca
1 page1 citations
momsacrossamerica.com
momsacrossamerica.com
1 page1 citations
wfla.com
wfla.com
1 page1 citations
myfloridalegal.com
myfloridalegal.com
1 page1 citations
afpglobal.org
afpglobal.org
1 page1 citations
donorsearch.net
donorsearch.net
1 page1 citations
wealthengine.com
wealthengine.com
1 page1 citations
nationthailand.com
nationthailand.com
1 page1 citations
parkrunthailand.com
parkrunthailand.com
1 page1 citations
poison.org
poison.org
1 page1 citations
tandfonline.com
tandfonline.com
1 page1 citations
efsa.europa.eu
efsa.europa.eu
1 page1 citations
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
1 page1 citations
edition.cnn.com
edition.cnn.com
1 page1 citations
histosonics.com
histosonics.com
1 page1 citations
oncotarget.com
oncotarget.com
1 page1 citations
drugs.com
drugs.com
1 page1 citations
immunitybio.com
immunitybio.com
1 page1 citations
curseforge.com
curseforge.com
1 page1 citations
ea.com
ea.com
1 page1 citations
mainichi.jp
mainichi.jp
1 page1 citations
survivornet.com
survivornet.com
1 page1 citations
greysanatomy.fandom.com
greysanatomy.fandom.com
1 page1 citations
cbs.com
cbs.com
1 page1 citations
sonyclassics.com
sonyclassics.com
1 page1 citations
songfacts.com
songfacts.com
1 page1 citations
hotstar.com
hotstar.com
1 page1 citations
primevideo.com
primevideo.com
1 page1 citations
foxmovies.com
foxmovies.com
1 page1 citations
cancercenter.com
cancercenter.com
1 page1 citations
fox.com
fox.com
1 page1 citations
afar.org
afar.org
1 page1 citations
tmz.com
tmz.com
1 page1 citations
fortune.com
fortune.com
1 page1 citations
gao.gov
gao.gov
1 page1 citations
allin.com
allin.com
1 page1 citations
news.unsw.edu.au
news.unsw.edu.au
1 page1 citations
ghadvances.org
ghadvances.org
1 page1 citations
neurology.org
neurology.org
1 page1 citations
aan.com
aan.com
1 page1 citations
news.umich.edu
news.umich.edu
1 page1 citations
jaist.ac.jp
jaist.ac.jp
1 page1 citations
latimes.com
latimes.com
1 page1 citations
aol.com
aol.com
1 page1 citations
expressandstar.com
expressandstar.com
1 page1 citations
developers.google.com
developers.google.com
1 page1 citations
cancerletter.com
cancerletter.com
1 page1 citations
childrensnational.org
childrensnational.org
1 page1 citations
packers.com
packers.com
1 page1 citations
obamawhitehouse.archives.gov
obamawhitehouse.archives.gov
1 page1 citations
web.archive.org
web.archive.org
1 page1 citations
columbiasurgery.org
columbiasurgery.org
1 page1 citations
lib.arizona.edu
lib.arizona.edu
1 page1 citations
guides.loc.gov
guides.loc.gov
1 page1 citations
millercenter.org
millercenter.org
1 page1 citations
content.time.com
content.time.com
1 page1 citations
gildasclubchicago.org
gildasclubchicago.org
1 page1 citations
wbur.org
wbur.org
1 page1 citations
legislation.gov.uk
legislation.gov.uk
1 page1 citations
murrow.wsu.edu
murrow.wsu.edu
1 page1 citations
csts.ua.edu
csts.ua.edu
1 page1 citations
englandfootball.com
englandfootball.com
1 page1 citations
itv.com
itv.com
1 page1 citations
nostomachforcancer.org
nostomachforcancer.org
1 page1 citations
stat.berkeley.edu
stat.berkeley.edu
1 page1 citations
news.harvard.edu
news.harvard.edu
1 page1 citations
tobaccofreekids.org
tobaccofreekids.org
1 page1 citations
theglobeandmail.com
theglobeandmail.com
1 page1 citations
nhlpa.com
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