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Cancer Explained

Based on National Cancer Institute resources

Childhood cancer, explained for families

A cancer diagnosis is frightening at any age, and especially when the patient is a child. These plain-language guides cover the common childhood cancers, how to support your child and their siblings, returning to school, and life after treatment.

A note before you read: this is educational information, not medical advice. Children’s cancers are treated by pediatric specialists, and your child’s care team is the right source for guidance about your family’s situation. You can also reach NCI’s Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER.

Start here

Start hereChildhood Cancer: An Overview for FamiliesA plain-language starting point for families facing a child's cancer diagnosis — how childhood cancer differs from adult cancer, the most common types, and where to find help. Based on the National Cancer Institute.
Read the overview

Types of childhood cancer

Plain-language explainers on the cancers most often seen in children.

Childhood Cancer

Bone Cancer in Children: Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma

A plain-language explanation of the two main bone cancers in children and teens — osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma — and how they are treated. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

4 min read · Beginner

Childhood Cancer

Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children

A plain-language explanation of brain and central nervous system tumors in children — the second most common childhood cancer group — and how they are treated. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

4 min read · Beginner

Childhood Cancer

Childhood Leukemia

A plain-language explanation of leukemia in children — the most common childhood cancer — including the main types and how it is treated. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

4 min read · Beginner

Childhood Cancer

Lymphoma in Children

A plain-language explanation of lymphoma in children — cancer of the lymph system — including Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin types. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

4 min read · Beginner

Childhood Cancer

Neuroblastoma

A plain-language explanation of neuroblastoma, a cancer that forms in early nerve cells and mostly affects infants and young children. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

4 min read · Beginner

Childhood Cancer

Retinoblastoma (Childhood Eye Cancer)

A plain-language explanation of retinoblastoma, a cancer of the eye that mostly affects young children, and how it is treated. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

4 min read · Beginner

Childhood Cancer

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A plain-language explanation of rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, and how it is treated. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

4 min read · Beginner

Childhood Cancer

Wilms Tumor (Childhood Kidney Cancer)

A plain-language explanation of Wilms tumor, the most common kidney cancer in children, and how it is treated. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

4 min read · Beginner

Family & school support

Talking with your child and siblings, school reentry, and caring for yourself.

Treatment & where to go

Children's cancer centers and clinical trials for children.

Survivorship & follow-up

Life after treatment, follow-up care, and late effects.

Help with costs and coverage

Cancer care can be expensive. These guides explain coverage that can help many families, including Medicaid and, for some, Medicare.