What is primary ovarian insufficiency after cancer treatment?

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is when cancer treatment causes the ovaries to stop working properly. According to the National Cancer Institute, this affects hormone levels and the way the ovarian follicles work, which changes egg release.

Sometimes women with POI still ovulate and have irregular or occasional menstrual periods after treatment. Other times the damage to the ovaries is permanent and early menopause occurs. Treatments that can cause POI include some chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy.

Symptoms of POI may be more intense than in natural menopause and can include hot flashes and night sweats, irregular or no periods, vaginal dryness, trouble concentrating, mood changes, sleep problems, joint and muscle aches, and loss of libido.

POI can also affect long-term health. The National Cancer Institute notes it may lead to lower bone mineral density, weakening of the bones (osteoporosis), and a higher risk of heart and cardiovascular problems. This is one reason follow-up care matters. Your doctor can help you understand what to expect based on your specific treatment and what follow-up care can help protect your health.