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Cancer Explained
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Insurance Denials and Appeals

If your health plan denies a cancer treatment or claim, you have the right to appeal. Plain-language guide to how appeals work and who can help.

NCI source

Last reviewed: 2026-07-07

The short answer

If a health plan denies coverage for a cancer treatment or claim, you usually have the right to appeal. There are internal appeals (asking the plan to reconsider) and external reviews (an independent decision). A social worker or navigator can help.

  • A denial is not always the final word — you usually have the right to appeal.

  • An internal appeal asks your health plan to reconsider its decision.

  • An external review lets an independent third party decide.

  • Read your denial letter — it explains the reason and how to appeal.

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The full explanation.

The simple version

Getting a denial from your insurance can feel like a closed door — but often it isn't the end. For many plans, you have the right to appeal, and denials are sometimes overturned. It's worth trying, and help is available.

Two kinds of appeals

For many health plans, you have two options:

  • Internal appeal — ask your health plan to review and reconsider its decision
  • External review — if the internal appeal is denied, ask an independent organization to decide

Start with the denial letter

Your denial letter explains why the claim was denied and how to appeal, including deadlines. Read it carefully, keep copies of everything, and ask your doctor's office to provide medical information that supports your case.

A denial is often not the final word — you usually have the right to appeal.

Get help

You don't have to do this alone. A hospital social worker, financial counselor, or patient navigator can help you understand the denial and prepare an appeal, and your doctor's office can supply supporting documentation.

A note before we begin

This information is educational and is not a substitute for medical advice. For your own care, talk with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, registered dietitian, or care team.

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Common questions

Can I appeal an insurance denial?

Usually, yes. If a health plan denies coverage for a treatment or a claim, you generally have the right to ask them to reconsider (an internal appeal) and, if that's denied, to request an independent external review. Your denial letter explains the reasons and the steps.

What is the difference between internal and external appeals?

An internal appeal is a request for your health plan to review its own decision. An external review is a decision by an independent organization outside your plan. Both are protected rights for many plans.

What should I do first?

Read your denial letter carefully — it explains why the claim was denied and how to appeal, including deadlines. Keep copies of everything, and ask your doctor's office to provide supporting information.

Who can help me?

A hospital social worker, financial counselor, or patient navigator can help you understand the denial and prepare an appeal. Your doctor's office can help with medical documentation.

Questions to ask your doctor

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Insurance Denials and Appeals