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Cancer Explained
Beginner 4 min read Verified

Sexual Health and Cancer

A plain-language guide to how cancer and its treatment can affect sexual health, and that help is available. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

NCI source

Last reviewed: 2026-07-07

The short answer

Cancer and its treatment can affect sexual health and intimacy in many ways, physically and emotionally. These changes are common, often improvable, and worth discussing with your care team, who can offer help.

  • Cancer and its treatment can affect sexual health in physical and emotional ways.

  • Changes are common and nothing to be embarrassed about.

  • Effects vary with the type of cancer and treatment and can change over time.

  • Many issues can be improved with support, treatment, or open communication.

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The full explanation.

The simple version

Cancer and its treatment can affect sexual health and intimacy — physically and emotionally. These changes are common, often improvable, and worth talking about with your care team, even though the topic can feel awkward.

How it can be affected

Effects vary, and can include physical changes such as pain, dryness, erectile difficulties, or fatigue, and emotional changes such as stress, anxiety, or changes in body image. Both kinds of change can affect intimacy.

Changes to sexual health are common with cancer — and nothing to be embarrassed about.

It can improve

Some effects improve after treatment ends, and many can be helped with support, treatment, or open communication. What helps depends on the specific issue and your situation.

Getting help

Your care team can help or refer you to a specialist. Talking openly with your partner and your team is often the first step. It is worth raising even if it feels uncomfortable — this is a normal part of cancer care.

Words to know

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Common questions

How can cancer affect sexual health?

It varies. Treatment can cause physical changes, such as pain, dryness, erectile difficulties, or fatigue, and emotional changes, such as stress or changes in body image. Both can affect intimacy.

Are these changes permanent?

Not always. Some effects improve after treatment ends, and many can be helped with support or treatment. Effects vary with the type of cancer and treatment.

Is it normal to have these concerns?

Yes. Concerns about sexuality and intimacy are very common among people with cancer, and there is nothing to be embarrassed about in raising them.

Who can help?

Your care team can help or refer you to a specialist. Talking openly with your partner and your team is often the first step, even though it can feel awkward.

Questions to ask your doctor

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  1. Q1.Can cancer affect sexual health?
  2. Q2.Are these changes always permanent?
  3. Q3.What is a good first step?

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Related learning map

How this explanation connects to 9 other things you can explore — related topics, terms, questions, practice, and its NCI source.

Sexual Health and Cancer