The short answer
Most testicular cancers are germ cell tumors, divided into two main types: seminomas, which tend to grow slowly, and non-seminomas, which tend to grow faster. Both are highly treatable, and the type guides treatment.
Most testicular cancers are germ cell tumors.
The two main types are seminoma and non-seminoma.
Seminomas tend to grow more slowly.
Non-seminomas tend to grow and spread faster.
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The full explanation.
The simple version
Most testicular cancers are germ cell tumors, which start in the cells that make sperm. These come in two main types — seminoma and non-seminoma — that behave a little differently. Both are highly treatable.
The two main types
Germ cell tumors are grouped into:
- Seminoma — tends to grow slowly and is very sensitive to radiation
- Non-seminoma — tends to grow and spread faster
Why the type matters
The type affects which treatments are used after surgery to remove the testicle. Some tumors have features of both types and are treated as non-seminomas. Blood tests of tumor markers help distinguish the types.
Both seminomas and non-seminomas are highly treatable, even when spread.
How the type is found
The type is confirmed by examining the removed testicle, along with blood tests of tumor markers. Knowing the type helps guide the rest of treatment and the follow-up plan.
Words to know
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Common questions
▸What are the main types?
Most testicular cancers are germ cell tumors, which come in two main types: seminomas and non-seminomas. Some tumors have features of both, and are treated as non-seminomas.
▸How do they differ?
Seminomas tend to grow more slowly and are very sensitive to radiation. Non-seminomas tend to grow and spread faster. The type affects which treatments are used after surgery.
▸Are both treatable?
Yes. Both seminomas and non-seminomas are highly treatable and often curable, even when they have spread.
▸How is the type determined?
The type is confirmed by examining the removed testicle, along with blood tests of tumor markers that can help distinguish the types.
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