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Testicular Cancer: Signs and Symptoms

A plain-language guide to the signs of testicular cancer, most often a painless lump. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

NCI source

Last reviewed: 2026-07-07

The short answer

The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump or swelling in a testicle. Other signs include a feeling of heaviness or a dull ache. Most lumps are not cancer, but any new one should be checked, and testicular cancer is highly treatable.

  • A painless lump or swelling in a testicle is the most common sign.

  • A feeling of heaviness or a dull ache in the scrotum or lower belly can occur.

  • Most testicular lumps are not cancer, but any new one should be checked.

  • Testicular cancer most often affects younger and middle-aged men.

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The full explanation.

The simple version

The most common sign of testicular cancer is a painless lump or swelling in a testicle. Most lumps are not cancer, but any new one should be checked. The good news is that testicular cancer is highly treatable, even when it has spread.

Signs to know

Possible signs include:

  • A painless lump or swelling in a testicle (the most common sign)
  • A change in the size or firmness of a testicle
  • A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
  • A dull ache in the lower belly or groin

Who it affects

Testicular cancer most often affects younger and middle-aged men and is one of the most common cancers in young men, though it can occur at any age.

A new, painless lump in a testicle should always be checked.

Highly treatable

Testicular cancer is highly treatable and often curable, even when it has spread. Because early treatment works so well, see a doctor promptly for any new lump or change in a testicle.

Words to know

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Common questions

What is the most common sign?

A painless lump or swelling in a testicle is the most common sign. Some men notice a change in size or firmness rather than a distinct lump.

What other symptoms occur?

Other signs include a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, a dull ache in the lower belly or groin, or discomfort in a testicle.

Who gets testicular cancer?

It most often affects younger and middle-aged men, though it can occur at any age. It is one of the most common cancers in young men.

Is it treatable?

Yes. Testicular cancer is highly treatable and often curable, even when it has spread, which is why checking a new lump promptly matters.

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  1. Q1.What is the most common sign of testicular cancer?
  2. Q2.Who does testicular cancer most often affect?
  3. Q3.How treatable is testicular cancer?

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Related learning map

How this explanation connects to 11 other things you can explore — related topics, terms, questions, practice, and its NCI source.

Testicular Cancer: Signs and Symptoms