Skip to main content
Cancer Explained
Beginner 4 min read Verified

Brain Tumors: Signs and Symptoms

A plain-language guide to the possible signs and symptoms of brain tumors, which depend on where the tumor is. Based on the National Cancer Institute.

NCI source

Last reviewed: 2026-07-07

The short answer

Brain tumor symptoms depend on the tumor's size and location. Common signs include new or changing headaches, seizures, nausea, vision or speech changes, balance problems, and changes in thinking or personality. Many of these have other causes.

  • Symptoms depend on where the tumor is and how big it is.

  • New or changing headaches are common, sometimes worse in the morning.

  • Seizures can be the first sign of a brain tumor in some people.

  • Other signs include nausea, vision or speech changes, weakness, and balance problems.

Choose how you want to understand this

The full explanation.

The simple version

Brain tumor symptoms depend on where the tumor is and how big it is, because different parts of the brain control different functions. Many symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so tests are needed to find the cause.

Common signs

Possible signs and symptoms include:

  • New or changing headaches, sometimes worse in the morning
  • Seizures, sometimes as the first sign
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Vision, hearing, or speech changes
  • Weakness, numbness, or balance and coordination problems
  • Changes in thinking, memory, or personality

Why symptoms vary

Because different regions of the brain control different abilities, a tumor's location determines which functions are affected. A tumor near the area that controls speech may affect talking, while one near the balance center may cause unsteadiness.

A brain tumor's symptoms depend on which part of the brain it affects.

When to see a doctor

Most headaches are not tumors, but see a doctor for a new or worsening headache pattern, a first-time seizure, ongoing nausea, or new problems with vision, speech, strength, balance, or thinking. Imaging, usually an MRI, is used to look for a cause.

Words to know

Tap any term to see what it means.

Browse the full glossary →

Common questions

What symptoms do brain tumors cause?

Symptoms depend on the tumor's location and size. Common ones include new or changing headaches, seizures, nausea or vomiting, vision or speech changes, weakness or numbness, balance problems, and changes in thinking or personality.

Are headaches always a sign?

Headaches are common with brain tumors and may be worse in the morning or with coughing or straining, but most headaches are not caused by tumors. A new or changing pattern is more concerning.

Can a seizure be the first sign?

Yes. In some people, a seizure is the first sign of a brain tumor, especially a new seizure in an adult who has not had them before.

Why do symptoms vary so much?

Different parts of the brain control different functions, so a tumor's location determines which abilities are affected — for example, vision, speech, movement, or balance.

When should I see a doctor?

See a doctor for a new or worsening headache pattern, a first-time seizure, ongoing nausea, or new problems with vision, speech, strength, balance, or thinking.

Questions to ask your doctor

Being prepared helps you get the most out of your appointments. Save or print these questions.

Open my question list

Tap a question to save it to your list (kept on this device).

Quick quiz

Test your knowledge

0 of 4 answered

  1. Q1.What do brain tumor symptoms depend on?
  2. Q2.What can be the first sign in some people?
  3. Q3.Why do symptoms vary so much?
  4. Q4.What test is usually used to look for a brain tumor?

This quiz checks understanding of educational content only. It is not medical advice. Open this quiz on its own page.

Related learning map

How this explanation connects to 11 other things you can explore — related topics, terms, questions, practice, and its NCI source.

Brain Tumors: Signs and Symptoms