How is a biopsy done?

The National Cancer Institute describes several ways a biopsy sample can be obtained.

With a needle, the doctor withdraws tissue or fluid — used for bone marrow aspirations, spinal taps, and some breast, prostate, and liver biopsies. With endoscopy, a thin, lighted tube is inserted through a natural body opening, as in a colonoscopy or bronchoscopy. With surgery, a surgeon removes the abnormal area, either entirely (an excisional biopsy) or in part (an incisional biopsy).

Depending on the type of biopsy, you may receive a sedative or anesthesia so you are comfortable. Your care team can explain which method is best for your situation.