Can tumor markers be used to screen for cancer?

Researchers once hoped that tumor markers measured in blood or other fluids might help screen people for cancer—finding it early, before symptoms appear.

However, studies have generally found that circulating tumor markers do not work well for screening. They often miss people who do have the disease (not sensitive enough), or they suggest cancer in people who do not actually have it (not specific enough).

Researchers are now studying multi-cancer detection tests that analyze multiple biomarkers in the blood of people without symptoms. Many are in development and some are being marketed, but much remains to be learned about their benefits and harms. Your healthcare team can explain which screening tests are recommended for you.