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Cancer Explained

Treatment Basics

Get oriented to how cancer is treated — the major approaches, what each involves, how side effects are handled, and how to prepare for appointments.

10 stepsAbout 57 min total

This learning path is educational only. It is not a treatment plan. Your healthcare team can help you understand what applies to your situation.

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  1. Read7 min

    Treatment overview

    The big picture of how cancer is treated.

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  2. Read6 min

    Surgery for cancer

    When and how surgery is used.

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  3. Read6 min

    Chemotherapy

    How chemotherapy works and what to expect.

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  4. Read6 min

    Radiation therapy

    How radiation is used to treat cancer.

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  5. Read6 min

    Immunotherapy

    Treatments that use the immune system.

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  6. Read6 min

    Targeted therapy

    Drugs aimed at specific cancer changes.

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  7. Read6 min

    Coping with side effects

    How treatment side effects are managed.

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  8. Quiz4 min

    Check your understanding

    A short quiz on treatment basics.

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  9. Tool5 min

    Questions to ask your team

    Prepare questions before a treatment decision.

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  10. Clinical trials5 min

    Treatment clinical trials

    How trials test new treatments.

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Helpful words to know

Plain-language definitions in our glossary.

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Save questions for your doctor

Build a personalized list of questions to bring to your next appointment.

Open the tool

NCI: Types of Cancer Treatment (opens in a new tab)

Read the source material at the National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov).

Visit cancer.gov