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MRI Scans for Cancer: What to Expect

A plain-language guide to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) in cancer care — how it works, what to expect, and how it differs from CT — based on National Cancer Institute resources.

NCI source

Last reviewed: 2023-01-17

30-Second Summary

  • An MRI uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to take pictures of the body in slices.

  • MRI does not use ionizing radiation, unlike CT scans and X-rays.

  • The detailed images can show places where there may be tumors.

  • During the scan you lie still inside a long chamber, and the machine makes loud thumping and rhythmic sounds.

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The full explanation.

The simple version

An MRI — magnetic resonance imaging — uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to take pictures of your body in slices. Those slices are combined into detailed images of the inside of your body, which can show places where there may be tumors.

One important difference from a CT scan or X-ray: an MRI does not use ionizing radiation. It makes its pictures with a magnet and radio waves instead.

What to expect

When you have an MRI, you lie still on a table that is pushed into a long chamber that surrounds part or all of your body. The machine makes loud thumping noises and rhythmic beats while it works. The scan does not hurt, but holding still matters, because movement can blur the images.

Contrast dye

Sometimes a special dye, called a contrast agent, is injected into your vein before or during the exam. This dye can make tumors show up more brightly in the pictures, helping your care team see them more clearly.

How MRI fits with other tests

Like other imaging tests, an MRI is one piece of the picture. Its images are read alongside your lab tests and, in most cases, a biopsy — which is often the only way to tell for sure if you have cancer. Your doctor decides when an MRI is the best tool and explains what the results mean for you.

Words to know

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Common questions

What is an MRI?

An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to take pictures of your body in slices. These slices are combined to create detailed images of the inside of your body, which can show places where there may be tumors.

Does an MRI use radiation?

No. Unlike CT scans and X-rays, an MRI does not use ionizing radiation. It creates its images using a strong magnet and radio waves instead.

What does an MRI feel like?

When you have an MRI, you lie still on a table that is pushed into a long chamber that surrounds part or all of your body. The machine makes loud thumping noises and rhythmic beats during the scan. It does not cause pain, but staying still is important for clear pictures.

Will I be given a contrast dye?

Sometimes. A special dye, called a contrast agent, may be injected into your vein before or during the exam. This dye can make tumors show up more brightly in the pictures. Your care team will let you know if you need it.

How is an MRI different from a CT scan?

Both create detailed pictures of the inside of the body, but they work differently. A CT scan uses X-rays (a form of radiation) and a computer, while an MRI uses a magnet and radio waves and no radiation. Your doctor chooses the scan that will best answer the question at hand.

Questions for your care team

Consider bringing these to your next appointment.

Why is an MRI the right scan for me, rather than another test?
Will I need a contrast dye, and are there any concerns for me?
Is there anything I should tell you about metal implants or devices before the scan?
How long will the scan take, and what can help me stay comfortable and still?
When will I get the results, and who will explain them?
Quick quiz

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  1. Q1.According to this article, what does an MRI use to make its pictures?
  2. Q2.What is one important difference between an MRI and a CT scan or X-ray, according to this article?
  3. Q3.According to this article, why does holding still matter during an MRI?
  4. Q4.How does this article describe the way an MRI fits with other tests?

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Related learning map

How this explanation connects to 14 other things you can explore — related topics, terms, questions, practice, and its NCI source.

MRI Scans for Cancer: What to Expect