30-Second Summary
Testicular cancer most often begins in germ cells, the cells that make sperm.
It is rare and is most frequently diagnosed in men ages 20 to 34.
Most testicular cancers can be cured, even if diagnosed at an advanced stage.
NCI does not have evidence-based information about preventing testicular cancer.
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The full explanation.
The simple version
Testicular cancer most often begins in germ cells — the cells that make sperm. It is a relatively rare cancer overall, but it stands out for one reason: it is most frequently diagnosed in younger men, between the ages of 20 and 34.
There's an encouraging headline here. According to the National Cancer Institute, most testicular cancers can be cured — even when they are found at an advanced stage. That's an important thing to hold onto for anyone facing this diagnosis.
Who it affects
While testicular cancer can occur at other ages, it is most common in men in their twenties and early thirties. Because it's uncommon in the general population, many people know little about it — which is part of why clear, calm information matters.
Prevention and screening
NCI is straightforward on prevention: it does not have evidence-based information about preventing testicular cancer. There is no proven step that prevents it, so we won't suggest one.
NCI does provide patient information about testicular cancer screening. There isn't a routine screening test recommended for everyone the way mammograms or colonoscopies are for other cancers. A reasonable, low-key approach is simply to notice changes — such as a new lump, swelling, or a change in how a testicle feels — and to mention anything new to a healthcare professional, who can decide whether further evaluation makes sense.
Turning information into next steps
If you or someone you care about is facing a possible or confirmed testicular cancer diagnosis, the most useful next step is a conversation with a healthcare team. They can explain the specific type, the tests used to diagnose and stage it, the treatment options, and important considerations such as effects on fertility. This page is educational only and is not a substitute for that individual medical advice.
Words to know
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Common questions
▸What is testicular cancer?
Testicular cancer most often begins in germ cells — the cells that make sperm. According to the National Cancer Institute, it is a relatively rare cancer, and most cases can be cured.
▸Who is most likely to get testicular cancer?
Testicular cancer is most frequently diagnosed in men ages 20 to 34, which makes it one of the more common cancers in younger men, even though it is rare overall. A healthcare professional is the best source of information about individual risk.
▸Can testicular cancer be cured?
Most testicular cancers can be cured, even if they are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Outcomes depend on the specific situation, and your healthcare team is the best source of information about what a diagnosis means for you.
▸Can testicular cancer be prevented?
NCI states that it does not have evidence-based information about preventing testicular cancer. In other words, there is no proven way to prevent it. If you have concerns, your healthcare team can help you understand your situation.
▸Is there screening for testicular cancer?
NCI has patient information about testicular cancer screening. There is no routine screening test recommended for everyone the way there is for some other cancers. Being aware of changes and checking in with a healthcare professional about anything new is a sensible approach.
Questions for your care team
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